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Metals and Non-metals
Metals and non-metals
Metals are the elements that lose electrons and form cations.
Ex: Sodium (Na)
Non-metals:
Non metals are the elements that accept electrons and form anions.
Ex: Chlorine (Cl)
The physical properties of metals :
- Solid form, except mercury.
- Lustre.
Examples: Gold and silver.
- High density, except lithium, sodium and potassium.
Examples: Tin and lead.
- Highly malleable.
Examples: Aluminium and zinc.
Highly ductile.
Examples: Copper and silver.
- Conduct heat and electricity.
Examples: Copper.
- High melting point.
Example: Tungsten.
- Metals react with non-metals to form ionic compounds.
- Metals form basic metal oxides.
- Metal oxides form b alkaline metal hydroxide solutions.
- Metals are good reducing agents.
Physical properties of non-metals
- Found as solids, liquids and gases
Examples:
Solids: Silicon and carbon.
Liquid: Bromine.
Gases: Chlorine, fluorine and oxygen.
- Non-lustrous
Examples: Sulphur and phosphorus.
- Less denser than metals
Examples: Oxygen and nitrogen.
- Not malleable
Examples: Sulphur and iodine.
- Not ductile
Examples: Phosphorous and bromine.
- Do not conduct heat and electricity, except graphite
Examples: Sulphur and phosphorus.
- Low melting and boiling points
Example: Sulphur and phosphorus.
Chemical properties of non-metals:
Formation of covalent compounds
Non-metals form acidic or neutral oxides.
Nitric oxide is a neutral oxide
Non-metal oxides dissolve in water and form acidic solutions
Non-metals are good oxidizing agents.
metals and non-metals are separated through electrolysis
