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CBSE - X
Bases
Bases
Any substance that can produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water is known as a base.Any substance that can produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water is known as a base.
The physical properties of bases :
bitter to taste,soapy to touch,good conductors of electricity,turn red litmus blue,
methyl orange to yellow,phenolphthalein to pink, liberate heat on dilution
The chemical properties of bases are:
1. Bases react with some metals like zinc and liberate hydrogen.
2. Bases react with non-metallic oxides to form salt and water. This is similar to a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. From this, we can say that non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.
Mild bases neutralise the acidity in the stomach.
Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of soaps, paper and synthetic fibres like rayon.
Calcium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of bleaching powder. Bleaching powder is used as a disinfectant.
Magnesium hydroxide is used as an antacid to neutralize the acid in the stomach.
Ammonium hydroxide is used in the preparation of fertilizers like ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate.
